INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION: SEE YOUR LEFT SIDE RIGHT SIDE FRONT SIDE OR BACK SIDE
You can see the paper. It may be into your valuable place or dustbin. Do you know the HISTORY of the PAPER? Before going up: I want to tell something. This is a site which contains the paper mill process and some piping tips. I think this site must very helpful to the MECH , PROCESS AND OTHER RELEATED ENGINEERS. Thousands of Mechanical Engineers are out coming per year. Some mechanical engineers are going into IT line. Many mechanical engineers are going to production and design field. All are good field if they are all effectively. By considering the design field, the engineers must be have the knowledge in AUTO CAD. Its one of the drafting tool. By using this tool the drawings are made. Here we are discuss about PAPER INDUSTRY AND PIPING DESIGN. PAPER MILL OVERVIEW: Paper is a major product of the forestry industry, and is used widely in our society. Paper products are used not only in their obvious applications in the publishing industry and for writing on, but also in a variety of specialty papers, cardboards, brown papers etc. In addition, various chemicals are produced as a byproduct of the pulp and paper industry. Paper is made by pulping wood, bleaching this pulp and then spreading it out into sheets to make it into paper. At various stages of the process, chemicals are used to give the paper particular properties, such as the bleaching chemicals that make paper white (and which also enable it to subsequently be coloured). The pulping process is known as "kraft pulping" which relies on a combination of heat, chemicals and mechanical pulping to convert the wood into a smooth, soft pulp suitable for use in paper making. Kraft pulping is the main pulping process (together with mechanical pulping) used today. The kraft process has several advantages: • It can be used with virtually all wood species • It can easily handle the extractives in most coniferous wood • The pulp has very good strength (the word 'kraft' means 'strong' in Swedish) • The recovery process for the chemicals is well established However, there are also disadvantages: • The pulp yield is quite low at about 45 - 50% • The equipment used for the chemical recovery is extensive and costly to install • Sulphurous compounds, which are odorous in the parts per billion range, are formed in the process • Fairly complicated processes are required for bleaching the pulp Lignin The main component of wood that needs to be removed to turn it into paper is a compound known as lignin. This name refers to a group of chemicals that are essentially three dimensional polymers of trans-coniferol, trans-sinapol and trans-p-coumarol (see below), along with hemicelluloses and aromatic carboxylic acids. Lignin is the reinforcing compound that is deposited on tree cell walls to make the wood strong enough to carry the weight of the tree crown. However, it is also the compound that makes wood pulp brown, so it is removed from all wood pulp except that used to make brown paper and some cardboards. AREA OF PAPER MILL: There are four major area of paper mill: · PULP MILL · PAPER MAKING · CHEMICAL RECOVERY · WASTWATER TREATMENT PLANT __________________________________________________________
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